Obesity is a complex health condition characterized by excessive body fat accumulation, typically defined by a body mass index (BMI) of 23 or higher. It is a major public health concern due to its association with numerous chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, certain cancers, and osteoarthritis. The causes of obesity are multifactorial, involving a combination of genetic, environmental, and behavioral factors. These may include poor dietary habits, physical inactivity, genetics, psychological factors, and certain medical conditions or medications.